This study investigated the determination of sediment thickness and depth of bed rock below the plain of Kerman, by existent available data. The research methodology is collecting of rough information and plot of section and plans ana analyzing the results for determining of bed rock depth and thickness of deposits. The used information are as follows: The result of some of 5000 electrical sounding line with AB equal to 1000 and 2000 m in 35 profiles (General Geophysics company 1343 and 1344). Excavation of 8 discovery well in different areas in Kerman plain (Hydra company 1343).Using the groundwater Model has been developed for kerman plain (Ahmadi Afzady, 1381), The geological sections that plotted on geological map of Kerman Sedimentary Model (Consulting Engineers of Water Resources, 1385). Results of studies show that the thickness of the sediments according the Excavation of discovery well is about 230 meters. In general the depth of the bed rock, except for the South East region and the central part of the plain that is about 250 meters, in other regions is between 130 to 150 meters. But the seismic studies indicate the existence of a deep basin in the West of Kerman and in the Taherabad region. The bed rock thickness in these areas has also been reported to 350 m. therefore the variety of sediments thickness in Kerman plain is between 30 to 350 meters.

The studied area is 30 Kilometers from western Abarkuh and near the south-east Abadeh between Yazd and Fars province. Permian Sedimentary rocks in this area have about 1200m thickness covered by Triassic rocks. These eleven Sedimentary microfacies are recognized through studying these rocks. These eleven microfacies occurred in four groups including open marine, bar, lagoon, and tidal flat and each of these microfacies owns the characteristics of one of them. Sea level changes caused these microfacies and accommodation changes produced a sequence with 7 Sedimentary cycles (3-order).  

The Devonian rocks are exposed in Chah-Riseh which is 55 Kilometers from northeast of Isfahan. These rocks, with 590m. thickness are composed of sandstones, shales, dolomites, and calcareous marl. Based on field studies and 200 thin section, three clastic and thirteen carbonate microfacies were recognized. These microfacies are deposited in tidalflat, lagoon, bar and open marine sub-environment of an epicontinental sea. Vertical changes in microfacies and their depth change diagram showed that upper Devonian rocks in this area were composed of meter scale parasequences. They generally showed million years-scale transgressive.  

1-IntroductionRivers, as the most important factor in changing earth landscape, have been more effective than any other factor in shaping the human living environment. The understanding of the river processes and the factors controlling the behavior of rivers is important from different perspectives, including sedimentology. Examining textural characteristics, facies analysis and statistical indicators of river sediments, in addition to civil applications, can be a useful tool in the interpretation of ancient river Sedimentary environments. In addition, the study of the behavior and nature of rivers and, accordingly, the study of watersheds from several aspects such as flood control, erosion and sedimentation have been of interest. The Afin River catchment is located in Southern Khorasan province and in the southeastern of Qayen. This river is the main source of agricultural water supply for villages located in this basin and has the greatest impact in terms of sediment production in the catchment area of Haji Abad Dam. The main purpose of this research is 1) to investigate sedimentological characteristics (textural parameters) and determine the effective factors in creating Sedimentary discontinuities, and 2) to identify lithofacies and present a Sedimentary Model of the Afin River.2-Materials and MethodsDuring the field study, 55 samples were taken from the channel bottom sediments by digging holes with a depth of 20 cm and with regular sampling intervals from the upstream to the downstream of the stream for grain measurement testing and the geographical location and height of each the sample was recorded by GPS. The active parts of the river channel have been selected for sampling. After sediment drying in the laboratory, the collected samples were analyzed using the dry sieve method with an accuracy of 0.02 grams. The results of the granulometry were drawn by Excel software in the form of histogram and cumulative curves, and the naming of the sediments was done according to Folk''s (1974) classification. Statistical parameters such as mean, median, skewness, and kurtosis were calculated for each of the samples using Folk''s comprehensive drawing method. In the field studies, the textural characteristics and Sedimentary structures of the river channel wall sediments from upstream to downstream have been investigated and Sedimentary facies have been separated based on Mial''s (2006) classification. In this study, the EPM Model was used to calculate the annual erosion rate in the Afin River catchment.3-Results and DiscussionSedimentological studies of the Afin River show that several factors such as the entry of a large volume of coarse-grained sediments by sub-branches (inflow of lateral sediments), active tectonics, lithological changes and bedrock outcrops that cause to change textural parameters such as mean, median, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis and have created an irregular grain finning trend from upstream to downstream. In the sediments of the Afin river channel wall, there are three clastic facies association (including the five gravelly facies Gcm, Gmm, Gt, Gh, Gp, the five sandy facies Sh, Sm, Sl, Sp, Sr and one mud facies Fm) and non-clastic pedogenic carbonates (P) have been identified, that based on them and other sedimentological features, five architectural elements such as SG, SB, CH, FF, GB have been separated. Two Sedimentary facies Models have been proposed for Afin River in the southeastern of Qayen. In the upstream part, this river is a gravel bed braided river with sediment gravity flow deposits, and in the middle and downstream part of the river, it is like a shallow gravel bed braided river. 4-ConclusionThe Afin River catchment with an area of 1181 square kilometers is located in the southeastern of Qayen city (Southern Khorasan province). In order to study of the finning trend of Afin river particles, 55 sediment samples from the main channel have been examined. The results of the granulometry analysis show that the finning trend of particles towards the downstream of the stream does not have a uniform trend and includes 6 Sedimentary continuities and 5 Sedimentary discontinuities. The arrival of coarse-grained sediments from tributary rivers, lithological changes, tectonic activities, and the appearance of bedrock are the most important factors in creating of these Sedimentary discontinuities. Identification of the Sedimentary lithofacies in the channel wall of the studied river was done based on textural features and Sedimentary structures, which clastic facies associations (gravel, sand and clay) and non-clastic (pedogenic carbonates) are separated from each other. According to the Sedimentary facies and architectural elements (CH, GB, SG, SB and FF) that are identified in the channel wall of the Afin River, two types of river channel styles proposed for the upstream to downstream sections of this river and the corresponding Sedimentary facies Model is provided. Keywords: Sedimentary link, Southern Khorasan, Lithofacies, River channel style.

River sedimentology provides significant basic data for river engineering projects (sediment transport and channel stabilit.( Most of these data are collected after careful study of bedform, texture and facies analysis along with architectural elements (Hey et al., 2015). Downstream grain size changes are complex in a gravelly bed river and often do not follow a simple sediment graft Model. The processes affecting the sediment degradation process in rivers are selective sorting, wear and sedimentation rate of lithological units of the catchment (Ruset, 1978). Mianroud river is located in the southeast of Iran, which is one of the very low rainfall areas with an average annual rainfall of 63.6 mm and has a dry climate. Severe and short-term showers play a very important role in the occurrence of large floods in the Mianrud catchment area. In this area, factors such as diversity of different faults, geomorphic controls (river flow, basin slope, ...), hydraulics (water discharge), and sedimentology (sediment production, transfer and re-sedimentation) control the main parameters of the river (Sin Ciana and Pasternak, 2017.( This paper presents the textural changes of sediments, rock facies and architectural elements and sediment Model in a rugged mountain river.

Plant development can be defined as a programmed qualitative change in plant form, which leads plant to maturity, and researchers call it as phasic development or phenology. Recognizing the timing of occurring each development stage is necessary for managing system in order to yield increment. The timing of occurring development stages depend on climate, genotype specifications and sowing date then determination of these times in different regions is difficult and it is only possible through the using of crop simulation Models which can predict the timing of occurrence each development stage by integrating effective factors. The Model was constructed based on linear equation of plant temperature response. In order to Model evaluation two experiments were carried out in agricultural and natural resources research center of Khuzistan in 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 cropping years. Wheat development stages were determined based on Kirby and Appleyard’s scale by stereoscopic microscope and required GDD for each development stage as well. The constructed Model was calibrated and run for simulation. Comparison of simulated and observed data showed that the Model can strongly predict wheat development stages.

Today, one of the most widely used natural language representation methods is meaning representation for text processing in different systems. Meaning representation methods have had many applications in the field of natural language processing in recent years, including automatic text summarization systems and question and answer systems, etc. Many text expressions may be different in terms of grammatical structure, but they are the same in terms of meaning, so how to apply a single and uniform meaning to them is one of the challenges of text processing. The main goal of this paper is to design an Integrated Semantic Representation (ISR) Model for natural language. The proposed Model, while maintaining its simplicity in annotation and understanding, does not depend on specific natural language features or on syntactic and lexical structure. In this regard, several examples in both English and Persian language, which have different in terms of written and grammatical structure, are presented in this paper. Moreover, by using the proposed Model, the same representation is provided for texts with the same meaning and different grammatical structure. The proposed Model is designed in graph and list format is recommended to annotate its corpuses. One of the main features of this Model is that it can represent semantic relations at both sentence-level and document-level and is able to represent complex and important linguistic phenomena such as aspect, tense, and quantification. The simplicity of the proposed Model helps to avoid making language processing slow or complicated in various applications, and the preparation of structures based on this Model for different natural languages will not be too complicated, so that it can be used both for natural languages with low resources and for those with various resources. Further, features of the proposed Model are compared with one of the most important related works.

Purpose: Resilience in start-ups is a challenging issue that has caught the attention of policymakers and business owners. The present study is an attempt to provide a Model for designing the resilience Model of start-up businesses as a path to the future of start-up businesses. Method: This research is practical in terms of purpose and from the perspective of data collection is a qualitative research that has been done by content analysis method. The data collection method is semi-structured interview. Interviews with participants continued until they reached the theoretical saturation point, which was achieved by conducting 15 interviews. Participants were selected by snowball and purposeful method and data analysis was done through three coding steps (open, axial, selective) with MAXQDA2020 software. Findings: Based on the research results, the components of "cognitive resilience, financial resilience, adaptive resilience" as well as the effective organizational factors of "precedent, drivers and boys and resilience consequences" were identified. In this research, foresight and futures studies were identified as the drivers of resilience of start-up businesses. Conclusion: Resilience enables businesses to respond effectively to the dynamic conditions of their environment and maximize their competencies through strategic foresight and as a result gain more value than their competitors in the field of business. In this regard, the integration of foresight in the process of business resilience can be suggested as a facilitator of drivers.